UNITED NATIONS, New York, Sept 27 – Enduring challenges to international peace and security in the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere took centre stage today — along climate change and the COVID‑19 pandemic — as major issues which demand robust global action as the General Assembly concluded its annual general debate.
Since 21 September, 194 Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers and representatives of Member States took the rostrum or delivered their statements in pre-recorded videos, taking stock of the state of the world as the Assembly launched its seventy-sixth session in a hybrid format.
Abdulla Shahid (Maldives), President of the General Assembly, delivered closing remarks, saying that over the last week, the list of speakers included 100 Heads of State, 52 Heads of Government, 3 Vice-Presidents and 34 ministers — although only 18 were women. “I trust you are as encouraged as I am by the strong showing of our return to in-person democracy,” he said, after the Assembly last year held its general debate in an all-virtual format owing to the pandemic.
Much was discussed, but the fact that a clear set of issues arose time and again — including equitable access to the COVID-19 vaccine; the need for success at the upcoming twenty-sixth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Glasgow, Scotland; and peace, security and the risks of instability — spoke volumes as to what the world wants, he said.
“It is now for us, and that of the United Nations system, to address these demands and to do so in a manner that turns every challenge into an opportunity — an opportunity to strengthen multilateralism and deliver results on the ground,” he said, emphasising that there is no time for complacency.
Naftali Bennett, Prime Minister of Israel, said that the new Government recently formed in Israel is the most diverse in its history. “It’s okay to disagree, it’s okay — in fact vital — that different people think differently, it’s even okay to argue,” he stated. He warned that Iran is seeking to dominate the Middle East with a nuclear weapons programme that has reached a critical point. But there are reasons for hope, he added, noting Israel’s growing ties with Arab and Muslim countries.
Vladimir Makei, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Belarus, said that his country is the subject of “a large-scale hybrid war” prompted by its decision to be a strong, sovereign and prosperous State. Human rights have become “a real weapon against undesirable and disobedient countries” in the hands of short-sighted politicians, while unilateral restrictive measures, which violate international law and inflict serious damage on international relations, have become another “favourite toy of Western States”. Citing Martin Luther King, Jr., he urged the international community to “live together as brothers or perish together as fools”.
Jean-Yvest Le Drian, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, said today’s crises underline the importance of collective responsibility, particularly in maintaining international peace and security. To that end, France is calling for a summit of the five permanent members of the Security Council to set out an action plan, enable the Council to fully exercise its mandate and start a dialogue on key issues of arms control and collective security. The world must also focus on human rights violations, which constitute a serious threat to international peace, he said.
Khalifa Shaheen Almarar, Minister for State of the United Arab Emirates, said regional interference in Arab affairs — especially in Syria, Yemen, Libya and Iraq — must halt and full respect for Arab countries must be ensured. The COVID‑19 pandemic has exacerbated the ongoing recruitment of young people by extremist and terrorist groups, he said, adding that the Middle East must be made a region free of weapons of mass destruction.
Fayssal Mekdad, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of Syria, said the COVID-19 pandemic revealed both human solidarity and a sinister push to settle political scores. On a national level, Syria’s fight against terrorism remains a challenge, as some States continue to support terrorist groups. Humanitarian action in Syria must fully respect its national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, he said. He expressed full support for Iran in the face of illegal sanctions, adding that Syria holds countries which support Israel responsible for its war crimes in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Ahmed Awad Ahmed Binmubarak, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of Yemen, drew attention to the hardship his country has endured since the Houthi coup of 2014, adding that Iran, the militia’s patron, is part of the problem and not part of the solution. He called on the international community to put more pressure on the Houthis, to steer development and humanitarian funds through the central bank to help the economy, and to avert a catastrophic oil spill from the Houthi-controlled oil storage tanker Safer in the Red Sea.
Hassoumi Massoudou, Minister for State and Foreign Affairs of Niger, spotlighting the severe impact of climate change on the Sahel region, called attention to ongoing attacks by terrorist groups on schools in West and Central Africa. The international community must honour its commitments to support young peoples’ right to education, he said. He also expressed strong support for efforts for Security Council reform that would see a bigger African presence in that organ.
Osman Saleh Mohammed, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Eritrea, said that with the world facing the triple challenge of COVID-19, climate change and inter-State rivalry, “all of us must climb down from our high horses and ponder on these issues in a holistic manner”. Touching upon regional border disputes and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, he said that acrimonious and internationalized forums will likely hinder efforts towards an arrangement that suits the requirements of Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.
Dato Seri Paduka Awang Haji Erywan Bin Pehin Datu Pekerma Jaya Haji Mohd Yusof, Second Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brunei Darussalam, alluding to Myanmar, said that the situation in a fellow Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member State posed a risk to regional security. He welcomed ASEAN leaders’ early agreement of a five-point consensus aimed at ensuring a peaceful return to democracy in that country, a cessation of violence, dialogue among all parties and humanitarian assistance.
Also speaking today were ministers and representatives of Iceland, Algeria, Grenada, Bahrain, San Marino, Oman, Sao Tome and Principe, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Cameroon, Congo, Dominica, Morocco, Mozambique, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Canada, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Guinea and Timor-Leste.
The representatives of Serbia, Iran, Albania, Lithuania, China, United Arab Emirates, Belarus and Canada spoke in exercise of the right of reply.
Photo: Foreign Minister of Eritrea Addresses General Assembly Debate / UN
3月25日华盛顿报道,美国邮政总局(USPS)今天表示,为应对包括因伊朗战争导致油价上涨的运输成本,该局正计划对包裹和快递邮件征收8%的临时燃油附加费。 美国邮政总局在其网站上发布公告称,如果获得邮政监管委员会的批准,该附加费将于4月26日生效,并持续至2027年1月17日。 美国邮政征收的8%附加费将适用于Priority Mail Express、Priority Mail、USPS Ground Advantage和Parcel Select等产品的邮资。普通邮件和其他邮件服务不受影响。 自2月28日美国和以色列对伊朗发动袭击以来,美国油价已上涨超过40%。
3月25日华盛顿报道,白宫新闻秘书卡莱维特(Karoline Leavitt)今天下午在白宫表示,美国和伊朗之间的谈判仍在进行中。她警告说,如果无法达成和平协议,特朗普总统将“掀起腥风血雨”。 在特朗普总统宣布暂停“摧毁”伊朗能源基础设施的威胁之后,这条至关重要的航道实际上仍然对未经伊朗明确许可的船只关闭。 随着美国及其盟友权衡如何恢复石油和其他关键物资通过霍尔木兹海峡的运输,并派遣有数千名美军士兵增援该地区。据2位消息人士透露,五角大楼预计将从陆军第82空降师向中东派遣人员和装备,以加强美国在该地区的军事存在。与此同时,特朗普总统正在考虑动用地面部队,而他声称这场战争已经胜利。 尽管伊朗和以色列仍在继续互击,伊朗也在持续对美军驻中东地区军事基地的中东地区国家展开报复袭击,但霍尔木兹海峡也仍然处于事实上的封锁状态。 虽然但市场似乎暂时对特朗普的乐观态度抱有希望,致使美国股市上涨,油价回落。但在市场动荡之际,就在特朗普总统宣布与伊朗进行会谈之前,石油期货交易出现异常飙升,引发了人们对可能存在内幕交易的担忧。 伊朗国家媒体“新闻电视台”(Press TV)今天称,伊朗政权拒绝了特朗普政府通过中间人提出的旨在启动和平谈判的一系列要点。德黑兰方面嘲讽特朗普政府“自相残杀”,但此前曾表示正在审查潜在谈判的条款。 该电视台媒体今天的报道称,伊朗政权拒绝了特朗普政府提出的结束这场由美国和以色列于2月28日先发制人发动的战争的条件。 该电视台援引一位不愿透露姓名的伊朗高级政治安全官员的话说,伊朗领导层坚持认为,通过外交途径解决这场战争“只能按照德黑兰自己的条件和时间表进行”。 据该电视台报道,这位官员表示,“伊朗不会允许美国总统特朗普来决定战争结束的时间。伊朗将在自己决定结束战争,并且满足自身条件时结束战争。” 该电视台称,伊朗方面认为,通过中间人转达给伊朗的提议“过于苛刻,脱离了美国在战场上失败的现实”。 伊朗军方发言人佐勒法加里(Ebrahim Zolfaghari)今天嘲讽美国试图达成停火协议的努力,坚称美国人只是在自相残杀。伊朗军方中央司令部发言人佐勒法加里在一段预先录制的视频中发表了上述言论,该视频在伊朗国家电视台播出。 佐勒法加里称:“你们过去常说的战略实力已经变成了战略失败,如果可以的话,自诩为全球超级大国的国家早就摆脱了这场混乱。不要把你们的失败粉饰成协议。你们空头支票的时代已经结束了。”…
3月25日华盛顿报道,白宫新闻秘书莱维特今天在白宫宣布特朗普总统访华行程时表示:“我很高兴地宣布, 总统期待已久的与习近平主席在中国的会晤将于5月14日至15日在北京举行。 第一夫人和总统也将在今年晚些时候接待习近平主席和彭丽媛女士在华盛顿特区的回访,具体日期将另行通知。” 此前,特朗普总统曾在3月16日表示,鉴于目前与伊朗的战争局势,美国已请求将其原定在北京与中国国家主席习近平举行的会晤推迟“一个月左右”。特朗普总统原本预计将于3月底访华,与习近平举行此次会晤。 特朗普总统3月16日在白宫椭圆形办公室回答此次访华行程是否仍按计划进行时表示:“我不知道,我们目前正在就此事进行协调。” 特朗普总统说:“我们正在与中方沟通。我很乐意去,但由于战争的缘故,我希望留在这里。我觉得我必须留在这里。” 特朗普总统还说:“因此,我们已请求将行程推迟一个月左右,我非常期待与他会面。我们之间有着非常良好的关系。” 特朗普总统在讲话中称,提议推迟访华行程完全是为了让他能够留在美国,以便亲自指挥和处理对伊朗战争事务。 特朗普总统表示:“这其中没有任何花招,事情非常简单。我们正处于战争状态。我认为我留在这里至关重要。” 包括特朗普总统本人在内的多位特朗普政府高级官员此前已发出信号,暗示伊朗战争可能会打乱原定在中国举行的这场备受瞩目的峰会计划。 特朗普总统3月15日向《金融时报》透露说,作为伊朗石油出口的主要买家且已公开表态反对此次战争的中国,应当协助美国促使伊朗对霍尔木兹海峡所实施的“事实上的封锁”。特朗普总统当天向该媒体表示,如果非要等到访华结束之后才采取行动,那就为时已晚了。 随后,正在法国巴黎访问的美国财政部长贝森特(Scott Bessent)似乎对上述言论进行了缓和处理;他在3月15日上午表示,特朗普总统访华若有任何日程调整,纯粹是出于后勤安排方面的考量。 贝森特说:“峰会绝不会因为总统要求中国去‘维持霍尔木兹海峡的秩序’而遭到推迟。”他此前在巴黎与中方高级官员举行了会晤。 白宫新闻秘书利维特(Karoline…
3月25日德黑兰报道,伊朗官方背景的“新闻电视台”(Press TV)今天公布了一项五点计划,并表示伊朗已拒绝了特朗普政府为结束战争而提出的相关条件。 一位不愿透露姓名的伊朗高级政治安全官员提出的计划内容包括:停止针对伊朗官员的暗杀行动;采取措施确保不再对伊朗发动新的战争;支付战争赔偿;结束敌对状态;以及伊朗“对霍尔木兹海峡行使主权”。 按伊朗提出的这些上述条件,对于美国来说恐怕是无法接受的,鉴于全球能源供应目前仍受这场战争的影响,尤其是关于战争赔偿以及伊朗继续掌控霍尔木兹海峡的诉求。 该报道称,伊朗政权已拒绝了特朗普政府通过中间人转交的一份提案清单,该清单旨在推动和平谈判的开启。德黑兰方面嘲讽特朗普政府是在“自说自话地谈判”,但此前也曾表示正在审阅潜在谈判的相关条款。 据两名知情人士透露,五角大楼预计将向中东地区派遣陆军第82空降师的官兵及军事装备,此举旨在加强美国在该地区的军事存在;与此同时,特朗普总统正考虑在这场他声称已取得胜利的战争中投入地面部队。 尽管伊朗与以色列之间仍在持续相互攻击,且霍尔木兹海峡实际上仍处于封闭状态,市场短期在从特朗普总统乐观表态中看到了希望后,股市应声上涨,油价则回落走低。在这场市场动荡之中,由于就在特朗普总统宣布将与伊朗展开谈判前夕,石油期货交易量出现了异常激增,引发了外界关于可能存在内幕交易的担忧。 就在25天前,即美国与以色列对伊朗发动先发制人的联合军事攻击之前,许多伊朗人曾表示,只要能终结“伊斯兰共和国”政权,他们将欢迎外部势力的干预。这个已执政长达47年的政权当时刚刚镇压了一场声势浩大的反政府示威浪潮;特朗普总统声称在这场镇压中有超过3万人遇难,并誓言要挺身而出,解救那些抗议者。 与此同时,伊朗议会议长加利巴夫(Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf)今天在社交媒体X上发布了一条针对美国的警告称:“不要考验我们保卫家园的意志”,并声称伊朗正在“密切关注”美军在该地区的任何动向。 此外,在社交媒体广泛流传的一些照片显示,在伊朗最近一次向以色列南部发射导弹后,内盖夫沙漠的一个工业区遭到袭击,浓烟滚滚。
3月24日华盛顿报道,据2名消息人士透露,随着美国对伊朗战争进入第四周,五角大楼预计将向中东地区派遣第82空降师的部分兵力。 此前,数千名海军陆战队员已启程前往中东。上周,来自一支远征部队的3艘军舰及约2200名海军陆战队员从加利福尼亚启航;这是自2月28日“史诗怒火行动”对伊朗战争爆发以来,美军部署的第二支海军陆战队远征部队。 据一位熟悉相关规划的消息人士称,此次部署派遣第82空降师的兵力,预计将包含一个指挥分队及部分地面部队。一位美国官员表示,此次部署的兵力预计将少于1500人。 上周美国有报道称,美国正准备实施此次部署;此外,美军高级指挥官已提交具体请求,旨在为在对伊冲突中使用地面部队做好准备。 据美国中央司令部通报,迄今为止,美军在伊朗境内主要开展空战行动,依靠战斗机、轰炸机和无人机执行了超过9000架次的战斗飞行任务,并打击了逾9000个军事目标。这些目标包括伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队(IRGC)的总部大楼及情报设施、弹道导弹发射阵地、导弹防御系统、军事制造设施以及伊朗海军舰艇。 特朗普总统今天在权衡是否动用地面部队之际表示,目前正与伊朗进行直接谈判。参与谈判的美方人员包括国务卿卢比奥(Marco Rubio)、副总统万斯(Vance)、特使威特科夫(Steve Witkoff)、其女婿库什纳(Jared Kushner)以及“多位其他人士”。但伊朗已经公开否认与美国有任何直接和间接的谈判。 特朗普总统在谈及伊朗方面时说:“我可以告诉你们,对方有意达成协议。”而在公开场合,伊朗方面已将有关正在进行谈判的报道斥为旨在稳定石油市场的“假新闻”。 一位白宫发言人表示,有关预期派遣第82空降师部队的正式公告将由五角大楼发布。
3月24日华盛顿报道,《美国医学会精神病学杂志》(JAMA Psychiatry)今天发表的一项研究结果显示,服用目前最常用多动症药物哌甲酯的儿童与未服用该药的儿童相比,患精神病的风险并无差异。事实上,对于13岁以下的儿童,持续服用哌甲酯三到四年似乎可以降低患精神病的风险。 该项大型新研究发现,对于患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的低龄儿童,使用利他林 (Ritalin) 和专注达 (Concerta) 等兴奋剂哌甲酯类药物,可能降低其患精神病的风险。 与神经发育正常的儿童相比,患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童更容易患上双相情感障碍或精神分裂症等精神病性疾病。一些研究表明,这与用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍的兴奋剂类药物有关。 此前的研究表明,用于治疗多动症的兴奋剂可能与双相情感障碍等精神疾病有关。在美国,约有350万3至17岁的儿童正在服用多动症药物。 来自爱丁堡大学和都柏林大学学院的研究人员分析了芬兰近4000名被诊断患有多动症的儿童和青少年的健康记录。 爱丁堡大学儿童和青少年精神病学系主任、该研究的资深作者凯勒赫(Ian Kelleher)说:“我们发现,尽管我们知道这个群体患精神病的风险较高,但这与药物无关,这种风险似乎是由其他因素造成的。” 凯勒赫认为,注意力缺陷多动障碍与精神病之间的联系可能源于这两种疾病共同的遗传风险因素,并且可能与药物治疗完全无关。…