UNITED NATIONS, New York, Oct 28 – Following are Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed’s remarks, as prepared for delivery, to the Security Council’s virtual high-level debate on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations — African Union:
The Secretary-General regrettably could not join you today and he therefore asked me to convey his regards and to provide this briefing on his behalf.
Let me begin by congratulating Your Excellency, President Uhuru Kenyatta, as Kenya concludes a prolific month as President of the Security Council. I also salute Donald Kaberuka, African Union High Representative for Financing of the Union and the African Union Peace Fund, who joins us today.
And thank you to the members of the Security Council for helping us shine a spotlight on the vital importance of peace and security in Africa. And how the United Nations — and all Member States — can join forces with the African Union and other regional and subregional groups to achieve this vision.
This discussion takes place in the context of a number of worrying trends across the continent. COVID-19 has created additional socioeconomic burdens on countries’ efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals.
In too many places, we are seeing a rise in seizures of power by force. Earlier this week, a military coup d’état took place in Sudan, posing a major threat to the political transition taking place since the signing of the Constitutional Declaration in August 2019.
The conflict in northern Ethiopia continues unabated, despite appeals by the African Union and the United Nations for a permanent ceasefire and unhindered humanitarian access to the Tigray region.
In the Sahel, and throughout the Lake Chad Basin region, we face persistent threats of terrorism and violent extremism from groups affiliated to Al-Qaida, Da’esh and Boko Haram. And we’re seeing a proliferation of militias.
And across Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated poverty, inequalities and all the drivers of conflict. It has undercut the provision of public services, disrupted supply chains, slowed economic activity, and hampered peace agreements and conflict resolution.
Despite these worrisome developments, the people of Africa are determined to work relentlessly for a more prosperous, sustainable and peaceful continent. One based on shared values and the universal principles of human rights.
The Secretary-General’s annual report on the partnership between the United Nations and the African Union contains a number of hopeful developments. This includes a peaceful and inclusive election in Burkina Faso. And peaceful transfers of power in Niger and Zambia following presidential elections.
Throughout, we’re seeing growing cooperation between the United Nations, the African Union, and subregional organizations on sustainable development, elections and peace processes. In Libya, for example, the United Nations is working closely with the African Union, the League of Arab States, and the European Union to support the ceasefire agreement and preparations for the upcoming elections.
The African Union has played a particularly active role in the International Follow-Up Committee on Libya of the Berlin process, including as a co-chair of the Security Working Group. I also welcome the African Union’s efforts to lead international support for the Libyan reconciliation process. The United Nations stands ready to work with the African Union in support of Libyan authorities and support a rights-based reconciliation process.
We’re also working closely with the African Union and subregional organizations to support the countries of the Sahel and beyond, including to address the return of mercenaries and foreign fighters to their countries of origin. And we’re committed to continuing our support for the African Union-led negotiations on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam.
The United Nations special political missions, peacekeeping missions, and country teams in Africa continue to provide comprehensive support to other peace initiatives and political transitions — including in Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
We work closely with the African Union on regular joint consultations and analyses through our cooperation frameworks for peace and security, humanitarian aid and for sustainable development — our blueprint for joint integrated action. The United Nations Office to the African Union is playing a key role in that regard.
And once the ongoing discussions on the division of responsibilities between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms are concluded, the United Nations looks forward to continue harnessing the opportunities and strengths of each organization, and build effective conflict prevention and resolution strategies as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change continues to affect the continent, particularly women and youth.
While our partnership with the African Union and subregional organizations is a necessary condition for peace, security, humanitarian, development, and justice in Africa, we also recognize that all Member States need to support these efforts.
In the Secretary-General’s report on Our Common Agenda, he underlined the need to re-embrace global solidarity to find new ways to work together for the common good of all people in every country, grounded in human rights and through a stronger, more networked and inclusive multilateral system. In this context, I would like to add three urgent actions that require global solidarity and support.
First, we need to prioritize our response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa through accelerated vaccine distribution, strengthening national health systems and much needed investments in preparedness. Today, only about 5 per cent of the population in Africa is fully vaccinated against COVID-19. We urgently require universal access to COVID-19 vaccines, support for domestic manufacturing of vaccines, and financing to alleviate the socioeconomic challenges caused by the pandemic.
Second, we need to reaffirm our focus on sustainable development, with Agenda 2030 and 2063 at the heart of our common efforts. Ultimately, sustainable and inclusive development is our best chance to address the root causes of conflict and achieve a future of peace and prosperity for all.
Despite the pandemic, African countries have shown remarkable resilience. According to International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates, economic growth will expand at 3.4 per cent in 2021, but African countries are in urgent need of liquidity and debt relief to create jobs, expand social protection and reverse poverty trends. Recovery must be grounded in advancing just transitions in key areas such as energy, food systems, digital connectivity and infrastructure. Urgent action is needed to speed up the re-channelling of special drawing rights (SDRs) and increase fiscal space.
Spurring these transitions and implementing the African Continental Free Trade Area — a major achievement for the region — will facilitate trade, help reduce emissions, support those who are shifting from the brown economy and create new jobs geared to the economy of tomorrow for Africa’s burgeoning youth population. It could also boost the region’s combined GDP by $44 billion and create millions of jobs. In addition, digital transformation offers the potential to considerably accelerate trade, job creation and access to services.
And as we look to a sustainable and green recovery out of COVID-19 and to meet the promises of the 2030 Agenda, we should redouble our commitment to strengthening our institutions to respond to the needs of all people — especially women, youth, and minorities. One powerful litmus test will be ensuring the full representation of women as countries make the journey to peace and stability.
And third, we need to continue securing adequate, predictable, and sustainable resources that will bring to life development, peace and security mandates across Africa. Here, I would like to highlight the centrality of ensuring coherent action across peace, development and humanitarian objectives in the continent — in establishing a common vision, in ensuring complementarity and safeguarding of investments.
The African Union Peace Fund is an inspiring example. I call on the members of this Council to work with the African Union’s Peace and Security Council to strengthen financing mechanisms for African Union-led peace support operations authorized by the Security Council.
In the Sahel, the United Nations stands ready to, jointly with the African Union, convene an international forum with the G5 Sahel States and their partners to bolster peace and development efforts across the Sahel in support of the United Nations Integrated Strategy for the Sahel.
Under the guidance of Member States, we will spare no effort to make our partnerships more effective to help all Africans build a more inclusive, prosperous, integrated and peaceful continent, as envisaged in Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
5月4日华盛顿消息,据多位要求匿名的美军官员透露,两艘美国海军驱逐舰在成功突破伊朗方面的一连串攻击后,顺利穿越霍尔木兹海峡并驶入了波斯湾。 匿名美军官员表示,美国海军的特鲁克斯顿号(USS Truxtun)和梅森号(USS Mason)驱逐舰在穿越霍尔木兹海峡期间,遭到了伊朗小型快艇、导弹和无人机的“持续不断的猛烈攻击”,两艘驱逐舰在“阿帕奇”武装直升机,及其他航空兵力的支援下顺利通过了海峡。 据多家媒体报道,尽管伊朗的攻击强度极高,但这两艘美军驱逐舰在空中支援配合下,采取的防御措施成功拦截住了所有攻击,伊朗和所有攻击均未命中舰体。 在两艘美军驱逐舰穿越海峡之前,特朗普总统于5月3日宣布,美国将协助“引导”船只通过咽喉要道霍尔木兹海峡。自2月28日美军对伊朗实施军事行动以来,伊朗一直试图控制至关重要的霍尔木兹海峡,已有数百艘油轮及其他各类船只在波斯湾滞留数月之久,导致全球油价持续飙升。 美国中央司令部(CENTCOM)今天早些时候发表声明称,作为代号为“自由计划”(Project Freedom)的特朗普总统护航行动倡议的一部分,美国驱逐舰已成功穿越了霍尔木兹海峡。但美军方面当时并未具体说明参与此次穿越行动的究竟是哪几艘军舰,也未透露具体数量。 该司令部还表示,另有两艘悬挂美国国旗的商船也已成功穿越了该海峡;此外,美军还已主动联系了数十家其他航运公司,旨在“促进海上交通的顺畅通行”。 美国中央司令部司令库珀(Brad Cooper)上将表示,伊朗对途经该海峡的美国海军舰艇及商船发动了袭击,促使美方摧毁了6艘伊朗小型船只。但伊朗官方媒体否认有船只遭到美军摧毁,并坚称近期没有任何商船穿越过该海峡。 此前,伊朗已向美军发出警告:若美军进入该海峡,将遭到袭击。此举令美伊两国之间维持了四周之久的脆弱停火协议蒙上了一层阴影。 据报道,今天早些时候,伊朗向阿联酋发射了导弹和无人机;此外,伊朗无人机还盯上了一艘试图穿越霍尔木兹海峡的油轮,该油轮隶属于阿布扎比的国家能源公司。伊朗媒体声称,一艘美国军舰也遭到了导弹击中,但这一说法遭到了美国中央司令部的否认。 与此同时,奉特朗普总统的指令,美国正对伊朗港口实施海上封锁;此举旨在向伊朗施压,正值两国就达成一项长期协议相互交换提案之际。伊朗方面则指责称,美方的封锁行为违反了停火协议。
5月4日报道,美国总统特朗普总统今天表示,伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡“向一些无关国家开火”,导致一艘韩国货船受损。特朗普总统在社交媒体平台“真实社交”上发帖称,在今天伊朗针对船只发动的袭击中,该艘韩国货船是唯一受损的船只;他并建议韩国应当“前来加入”针对伊朗的行动。 美军今天启动的“自由计划”(Project Freedom)护航行动,旨在“解救”那些已在波斯湾滞留数周的船只经由霍尔木兹海峡驶离。 特朗普总统写道:“针对船只通行及‘自由计划’(PROJECT FREEDOM)一事,伊朗已向一些无关国家开火,其中包括一艘韩国货船。”“也许现在正是韩国前来加入这项任务的时候了!我们已经击沉了7艘小型船只——或者用他们喜欢叫的说法,‘快速’船只。那是他们仅剩的家底了。除了那艘韩国船只外,截至目前,所有穿越该海峡的船只均未遭受任何损失。” 特朗普总统表示,战争部长赫格塞斯(Pete Hegseth)和参谋长联席会议主席凯恩将军(Gen. Dan Caine)将于5月5日在五角大楼通报有关美伊战争的最新情况。 美国中央司令部(CENTCOM)今天表示,在特朗普总统宣布的“自由行动”(Project Freedom)倡议的护航下,两艘商船安全通过了这一关键水道。在美军护航行动期间,美军摧毁了6艘试图进行“干扰”的伊朗小型船只,伊朗向美军护航的商船发射了导弹。 伊朗表示,已经收到特朗普政府对其最新提出的“14点和平方案”的回复;伊朗提出的新和平协议旨在结束战争,而非仅仅延长当前的停火期。伊朗今天再次发出警告称,任何试图穿越该水道的船只都将遭到攻击。 特朗普总统在上周末表示,他很可能会拒绝伊朗的这一提案,因为“他们尚未付出足够沉重的代价”。 此外,阿联酋当局今天表示,自伊朗与美国4月8日达成的停火协议生效以来,伊朗对阿联酋发动了首次导弹和无人机袭击,并向霍尔木兹海峡的一艘船只发射了两架攻击无人机。 阿联酋官员确认,今天早些时候,另一艘由阿联酋政府下属能源公司所拥有的油轮,遭到了2架伊朗攻击无人机的锁定;官员们补充说,据报船上无人受伤。
5月4日奥马哈市报道,美国综合性企业伯克希尔公司(Berkshire Hathaway)首席执行官阿贝尔(Greg Abel)周末首次主持年度股东大会时的稳健表现获得了众多好评,以及该公司盈利的大幅增长,促使该公司的B类股今天上涨了1.3%。 此前,巴菲特(Warren Buffett)亲自选定的接班人阿贝尔在5月2日于内布拉斯加州奥马哈市举行的伯克希尔公司股东大会的表现十分出色,获得了积极的反响。投资界的许多人士虽然承认大会现场少了巴菲特标志性的机智幽默与生动叙事,但也因阿贝尔展现出对伯克希尔牢固掌控力,以及对未来发展方向的深刻洞察而感到宽慰。 本次股东大会的另一大亮点,当董事长巴菲特在观众席间所发表的即兴言论。在会议伊始,阿贝尔为了致敬巴菲特在伯克希尔长期而卓越的任期,特意将一件纪念球衣升挂至举办伯克希尔股东大会的著名场馆“天主教健康倡议中心”(CHI Health Center)的穹顶之上。 伯克希尔公司5月2日早间发布的季度报告显示,这家综合性企业的运营收益实现了稳健增长,较上年同期大幅提升了18%。该公司增长主要得益于保险承保业务,该业务激增28.5%,达到约17亿美元,该公司目前现金储备逼近4000亿美元。 阿贝尔在5月2日上午和下午大会环节中,探讨的一个关键主题是人工智能(AI);在此次盛会召开之前,该公司股东们便已迫切希望听到更多关于这一话题的见解。 阿贝尔明确指出,伯克希尔公司不会为了“搞AI而搞AI”——这一审慎的立场与那些正竞相将该技术整合进业务中的其他企业高管形成了鲜明对比。在当天上午的会议中,阿贝尔甚至回答了一个由巴菲特“深度伪造”(deepfake)影像所提出的问题;随后,他借此机会将话题引申至围绕人工智能的网络安全风险讨论上。 在本次大会活动期间,阿贝尔还得到了其领导团队其他成员的鼎力协助,其中包括负责保险运营业务的副董事长贾恩(Ajit Jain)、负责伯克希尔消费品、服务及零售业务的总裁约翰逊(Adam Johnson),以及北伯灵顿和圣塔菲铁路公司(BNSF Railway)的首席执行官法默(Katie…
5月3日华盛顿报道,美国总统特朗普总统今天表示,美国将尝试“解救”那些自对伊战争爆发以来因霍尔木兹海峡关闭而被困的滞留船只。这项行动被特朗普在社交媒体平台“真实社交”(Truth Social)的一篇帖文中命名为“自由计划”(Project Freedom),定于5月4日启动。 特朗普总统表示,这项行动的唯一重点是协助那些悬挂非冲突方国家旗帜的民用船只撤离这一争议水域,以便它们能够“自由且顺畅地继续开展其商业活动”。 特朗普总统说:“我已经指示我的代表们通知相关各方,我们将尽最大努力,确保他们的船只及船员安全撤离该海峡。各方均表示,在这一区域恢复通航及其他各项安全条件之前,他们将不会重返该海峡。” 特朗普总统并未透露美国将如何具体实施这项行动,也未说明美军将以何种方式参与其中。此外,目前尚不清楚在持续的冲突背景下,伊朗是否会允许美国在不受干扰的情况下开展此项行动;同时,霍尔木兹海峡何时能重新开放以恢复正常通航也仍是未知数。 自战争爆发以来,该海峡基本处于无法通航的状态,导致大量船只滞留,并切断了一条关键的供应链。全球约20%的原油需经由该海峡运输,这导致国际油价飙升,同时也推高了美国的汽油零售价格。 这项旨在解救船只的新行动,似乎并非着眼于恢复该航道的航行自由,而是为了让那些受困的船只能够安全撤离。此前,伊朗曾通过向试图通行的船只开火以及在航道内布设水雷的方式,阻断了船只的通行。 特朗普总统在相关帖文中写道:“此次船只调动仅仅是为了解救那些完全无辜的个人、企业和国家——他们不过是时局的受害者。这是美国、中东各国,尤其是伊朗方面所展现出的一种人道主义姿态。” 美国中央司令部随后在社交媒体上发帖文详细介绍了此次行动,还阐明了一个更为宏大的目标:即“恢复商船穿越霍尔木兹海峡的航行自由”。 该帖文写道:“这项由总统亲自下令执行的任务,旨在为那些寻求自由穿越这一重要国际贸易大动脉的商船提供支持。”帖文中还指出:“全球海运石油贸易总量的四分之一,以及大量的燃料和化肥产品,均需经由该海峡进行运输。” 美国中央司令部表示,参与此次行动的美军力量将包括:多艘导弹驱逐舰、逾百架次海空两用战机、各类多域无人作战平台,以及1.5万名现役军人。 随着美伊战争自2月28日开战以来已进入第二个月,美国与伊朗之间已维持了长达两周余的脆弱停火状态。美国与伊朗双方虽一直在就结束战争进行谈判,但迄今为止并未达成任何协议。本周早些时候,特朗普总统曾表示,他对伊朗方面近期提出的一项提议“并不满意”。 5月1日,特朗普总统向美国国会通报称,美国与伊朗之间的“敌对行动已经终结”。特朗普总统发表此番言论之际,恰逢《1973年战争权力决议案》所设定的最后期限。根据该决议案,若战事持续至此,总统本应向美国国会提出请求,要求国会正式对伊朗宣战,或授权对其实施军事打击。 特朗普总统在“真实社交”上发布的那条宣布此次救援行动的帖文中暗示,若伊朗允许受困船只离境,将有助于推动和平谈判的进程。但他同时也发出警告称,若遭遇任何阻挠或干扰,美方将毫不犹豫地采取武力予以反击。…
5月3日华盛顿报道,美国总统特朗普今天表示,一项旨在安全护送与伊朗未处于交战状态的国家船只驶离霍尔木兹海峡的代号为“自由计划”(Project Freedom)的护航行动,将于5月4日启动。 特朗普总统今天在社交媒体平台“真实社交”(Truth Social)上写道:“为了伊朗、中东乃至美国的利益,我们已告知这些国家:我们将引导其船只安全驶离这些受限水域,以便它们能够自由、顺畅地继续开展业务。无一例外,这些国家均表示,在该地区恢复通航安全及其他一切正常状况之前,其船只将不会返航。” 特朗普总统表示,此项行动是“代表美国、中东国家——尤其是伊朗——所做出的一项人道主义姿态”;他指出,这些船只目前正面临“食物及其他各类必需品短缺的困境,而这些物资对于庞大的船员队伍在船上维持健康、卫生的生活状态至关重要。” 特朗普总统还写道:“如果这一人道主义进程以任何形式遭到干扰,那么遗憾的是,我们将不得不采取强硬手段予以应对。” 伊朗议会国家安全委员会主席阿齐兹(Ebrahim Azizi)在社交媒体上发文指出:“美国对霍尔木兹海峡新海事管理机制的任何干涉,都将被视为违反停火协议。” 阿齐兹强调:“霍尔木兹海峡和波斯湾绝不会由特朗普那些妄想式的帖子来主导管理!” 此言显然针对特朗普总统此前宣布的一项新举措,即从5月4日开始,美方将着手为驶离该海峡的船只提供护航。 伊朗议会副议长尼克扎德(Ali Nikzad)今天在视察具有战略意义的拉拉克岛(Larak Island)港口设施时表示,伊朗“不会在霍尔木兹海峡问题上的立场上退缩,也不会恢复到战前的状态。” 尼克扎德重申了伊朗的立场:任何与美国或以色列无关的船只,在缴纳通行费后均可获准通过。此前,伊朗曾通过袭击及威胁过往船只的方式,封锁了霍尔木兹海峡。 美国则已向所有航运公司发出警告称,若以任何形式(包括数字资产)向伊朗支付费用以换取安全通行,相关公司将面临制裁。…
5月2日华盛顿报道,美国总统特朗普总统今天表示,他正在审阅伊朗提交的一份新的14点和平协议。特朗普总统今天在佛罗里达州棕榈滩国际机场停机坪正准备登上“空军一号”,启程前往该州的多拉尔(Doral)时表示:“我还没看到它,我正在这里审阅它,稍后我会向你们通报相关情况……他们已经向我简述了这份协议的构想。他们现在正要把确切的文本内容交给我。” 今天早些时候,伊朗官方媒体塔斯尼姆通讯社(Tasnim News)报道称,伊朗已向美国递交了一份包含14项内容的和平协议提案。 随后,特朗普总统在社交媒体平台“真实社交”(Truth Social)上发帖写道:“很快就会审阅伊朗刚刚发给我们的这份方案,但我很难想象它会是可接受的;毕竟,对于他们在过去47年里对全人类及整个世界所犯下的行径,他们尚未付出足够沉重的代价。” 白宫今天证实,曾担任说客并在特朗普总统首个任期内供职于美国国务院的斯图尔特(Nick Stewart),已加入致力于结束与伊朗战争的外交团队。 白宫表示:“斯图尔特是一位敏锐且经验丰富的政策专家,他是特使威特科夫(Steve Witkoff)那支才华横溢的团队的一笔宝贵资产。” 此前,特朗普总统向美国国会领袖表示,与伊朗之间的“敌对行动”已经“终结”;他此举旨在回应一项关键的60天期限要求。该期限源自一项实施数十年的法律,旨在限制未经美国国会授权使用军事力量的行为。